Chapter XXI: Ordo Falconis      Back to Chapter 21 contents

Future Perfect



The pluperfect tense is, as its name implies, farther back in the past than the perfect tense. It usually translated into English with the helping verb "had." The future perfect is used to talk about something that will be in the past at some future time and is usually translated in English with the helping verbs "will have."

Perfect - I ran
Pluperfect - I had run
Future Perfect - I will have run

Like the perfect, the pluperfect and future perfect are formed from the third principle part, and the rules are the same for all verbs. Unlike the perfect tense, however, the pluperfect and future perfect use the normal endings, not the special perfect endings

Stem for perfect system

remove ī from 3nd principle part

Perfect tense

I gave

stem + special perfect endings

Pluperfect tense

I had given

stem + era + endings

Future Perfect tense

I will have given

stem + erō (1st sg.) / eri + endings

laudō -āre -āvī

perfect

stem:

laudāv

Perfect

Pluperfect

Future Perfect

Singular

Singular

Singular

1st

laudāvī - I praised

laudāveram - I had praised

laudāverō - I will have praised

2nd

laudāvistī - you praised

laudāverās - you had praised

laudāveris - you will have praised

3rd

laudāvit - he/she/it praised

laudāverat - he/she/it had praised

laudāverit - he/she/it will have praised

Plural

Plural

Plural

1st

laudāvimus - we praised

laudāverāmus - we had praised

laudāverimus - we will have praised

2nd

laudāvistis - y'all praised

laudāverātis - y'all had praised

laudāveritis - y'all will have praised

3rd

laudāvērunt - they praised

laudāverant - they had praised

laudāverint - they will have praised