The pluperfect tense is, as its name implies, farther back in the past than the perfect tense. It usually translated into English with the helping verb "had." The future perfect is used to talk about something that will be in the past at some future time and is usually translated in English with the helping verbs "will have."
Perfect - I ran
Pluperfect - I had run
Future Perfect - I will have run
Like the perfect, the pluperfect and future perfect are formed from the third principle part, and the rules are the same for all verbs. Unlike the perfect tense, however, the pluperfect and future perfect use the normal endings, not the special perfect endings
|
Stem for perfect system |
remove ī from 3nd principle part |
|
Perfect tense I gave |
stem + special perfect endings |
|
Pluperfect tense I had given |
stem + era + endings |
|
Future Perfect tense I will have given |
stem + erō (1st sg.) / eri + endings |
|
laudō -āre -āvī |
|
|
|
|
perfect stem: |
laudāv |
|
|
|
Perfect |
Pluperfect |
Future Perfect |
|
|
Singular |
Singular |
Singular |
|
|
1st |
laudāvī - I praised |
laudāveram - I had praised |
laudāverō - I will have praised |
|
2nd |
laudāvistī - you praised |
laudāverās - you had praised |
laudāveris - you will have praised |
|
3rd |
laudāvit - he/she/it praised |
laudāverat - he/she/it had praised |
laudāverit - he/she/it will have praised |
|
Plural |
Plural |
Plural |
|
|
1st |
laudāvimus - we praised |
laudāverāmus - we had praised |
laudāverimus - we will have praised |
|
2nd |
laudāvistis - y'all praised |
laudāverātis - y'all had praised |
laudāveritis - y'all will have praised |
|
3rd |
laudāvērunt - they praised |
laudāverant - they had praised |
laudāverint - they will have praised |