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The Temple of Concord was a landmark in Rome built in 281 BC, rebuilt again in 121 BC, and once more from 7 BC to 10 AD. This building was built by L. Manlius as a dedication to the goddess Concordia and to foster harmony between plebeians and patricians. Meetings of the Roman senate were often held here, as well as, worship. This Temple had huge columns in the front and an internal chamber called the cello. Statues of Mercury and Hercules stood in front and statues of Concordia, Pax, and Salus are in it as well. This landmark did not fully survive, however, all the columns and front structure remain intact. The famous speech from Cicero happened here and there are many replicas of this building we have discovered.

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The Senate House, also known as the Curia Juila, was built from 44 to 29 B.C.E. It was named after Julius Caesar who rebuilt it, but it had been rebuilt many times since Tullus Hostilius. It was used as a meeting place for the Roman Senate since then, but it still stands today after the Italian Government rebuilt it. An interesting fact is that there were bronze doors, but they were put in a museum in exchange for modern ones. The building could also fit 300 senate members. Another interesting fact is that it was looted many times since there were colored stones used to make shapes in the walls, and these were valuable.

The Temple of Saturn, (according to the legend) was built by Tarquinius Superbus. This temple was dedicated to Saturn, and it also served as the state treasury, which is where the gold and silver was held. It was created in 498 BC, but was rebuilt in 42 BC, and again, sometime in the fourth century A.D. What remains of this landmark are eight granite columns that rest on huge blocks of travertine. It is just viewed as a historic site these days. The temple of Saturn is the oldest sacred place in Rome, behind two other sites. It was dedicated to Saturn, the agricultural divinity. It was also rebuilt by Lucius Munatius Plancus.

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The Basilica Aemilia was a very important building to Rome. It was built in179 BC by Marco Fulvipo and it is the only building left from the republican age. Sadly the only thing left of the building is a wall and sum pillars. The Basilica was destroyed in the Sack of Rome. The building was used for business meetings and money lending.

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The emperor Augustus had the temple of Divine Julius Caesar built. This temple was built due to the fact that people at that time thought that when Julius Caesar died he was made into a Roman god. Thus he had a temple made to commemorate him. The temple was built on top of his grave. They started building the temple in 42 BC and it was finished in 29 BC, the temple was never rebuilt. The only part of the building that still stands today is the cement core and the podium; the temple isn’t used for anything. The temple of Divine Julius Caesar is the only Roman built structure that daily gets fresh flowers put on it. The podium of the building was decorated with parts of the ships that were used in the battle of Actium in 31 BC.

The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina is a beautiful building with lots of history. It was located in the Roman forum and had a beautiful view of it. It was built in 141 CE. The Emperor Antoninus built this temple to honor his late wife. When the Emperor died it was also dedicated to him. The whole building still stands but it has been renovated many times. It is also now a church.

The emperor Maxentius had the temple of Romulus built. This landmark was for the emperor's son, Valerio Romolo, who died prematurely at the age of 4 in 309 CE. Some people say that it is also for other deceased family members. This temple was built in 309 CE. The Temple of Romulus is still fully intact, it is one of the more well preserved buildings. The bronze door and columns are most prominent. The entrance is now an entrance to a church of Saints Cosma and Damiano. The columns consist of porphyry which is a rare purple bright rock. This shows that Maxentius wants the best for his son. Porphyry is so rare that the 2 columns are estimated to be 20 million euros each.The name is ironic because the name says temple(a judaism sanctuary) even though it is now part of church.

This building was started by Maxentius and completed by Constantine. Today the use of this building is forgotten but it was viewed as an engineering marvel of the time with geometric patterns, brick walls, and lavish decoration. The Basilica Maxentius was finished in 313 AD. This building is not fully intact due to an earthquake at around 847 AD but a large chunk of the front or back of the building is still intact. One fact about this building is that the original entrance was more or less replaced with a large staircase with four red porphyry columns. Another fact is that one of the sole surviving columns was taken to the Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore in 1614 AD.

The House of the Vestals was begun by the emperor Domitian and completed by the emperor Trajan in 113 A.D. The building was built to house the Vestal Virgins, who were female priestesses and Rome, and could also be used for their rituals and ceremonies. It was destroyed in the Fire of Nero, and rebuilt several times afterwards. There was also a central fire inside the building that was never put out.

The Temple of Castor and Pollux was originally built in 499-485 BCE by Aulus Postumius as a meeting place for the Senate and is made up of a series of chambers and high podiums. It was restored in 117 BCE, and then completely rebuilt between 7 BCE-AD 6. It is dedicated to twin half-brothers Castor and Pollux, also known as the Dioscuri or Dioskouroi. These brothers are patrons of sailors and horsemen/athletes. Fun fact: the constellation Gemini, according to Greek mythology, was created when the immortal Pollux shared his immortality with his mortal brother, transforming them into the constellation. To this day, the structure is mostly intact- with most of the inner concrete core and 3 of the columns. It is no longer used as a meeting place for officials, but a historical monument for people to visit.

Julius Caesar was the constructor of the original Basilica Julia, but it burned down and was rebuilt initially by Augustus; however, it has been rebuilt several times by Septimus Severus and Diocletian. The original was built in 54 BC, and the first reconstruction in 12 BC. The other rebuilds occurred in 9 AD, 12 AD, 199 AD, and 283 AD. The building was originally utilized as a civil courthouse within the Roman Forum, but it also was a home for several shops and small trading spots as well as government offices and banking. Not much is left about this building today other than a raised rectangular area that was presumably the floor in the original. It is only used as an ancient site that tourists can visit. The temple was once ransacked by the Visigoths, who stole the marble inside to burn into lime. It was also turned into the Church of Santa Maria de Cannapara in the 12th-15th centuries, and was a burial site in the 20th century.

The septizodium was built by emperor Septimus Severus in 203 AD. It was originally meant to be a big, fancy alternate entrance to the palace, but was repurposed for decoration and to cover up the substructure of the palace baths. It was destroyed in 1588 to make room for other buildings, and only the foundation is left today. It is highly debated whether the Septizodium had fountains or not.

Trajans Column was built in early 2nd century CE (106-13 CE) by Architect Apollodorus of Damascus as propaganda to get people to celebrate emperor Trajan’s win during the Dacian wars. It stands 38 meters tall (~125 feet) and is similar to a giant comic strip with images carved into it depicting victories throughout the war. Today, it is one of the best preserved and longest standing Roman monuments and is still fully intact. Fun fact: Trajan’s ashes were supposedly buried in the base of the column.

Trajan’s Forum and Basilica was designed by Apollodorus and inaugurated in 112 BC. It was a temple to a deified Trajan, as well as a house for libraries and a basilica that has civil and judicial purposes. Most of the building survives; however, it is not in use today other than for tourism. The basilica is famous for its bronze roof tile, and it had tons of military statues in the forum as a prize for the defeat of the Dacians. It also used to have an equestrian statue of Trajan, but it was destroyed at some point and no longer survives to this day.

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The Forum of Nerva, one of the many forums around during the Roman Empire, was constructed around the Temple of Minerva. The Temple of Minerva, the temple to the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategy who was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Athena, was constructed sometime in the 1st century B.C., while the Forum of Nerva, which surrounds the temple, was constructed in A.D. 85 by the emperor Diocletian, who began construction on it, and his successor Nerva, who finished construction on it. The reason it is called the Forum of Nerva even though the emperor Diocletian began construction on it is because Diocletian died before it was finished, and the emperor Nerva, Diocletian’s successor, had to finish construction of it. The reason Diocletian chose the location to begin the construction of the forum he did, which was around the Temple of Minerva, is because Minerva was the protecting deity of Diocletian. While the Forum of Nerva is no longer standing, the Temple of Minerva is.

The Forum Pacis, or the Forum of Vespasian, was one of the many forums in the time of the Roman Empire. “Forum Pacis” is latin for “Square of Peace”, but it is also known as the Forum of Vespasian because it was first constructed in A.D. 75 by the emperor Vespasian. It was constructed to commemorate Vespasian’s victory over the Jewish uprising. In fact, the Templum Pacis, which means Temple of Peace and sits in the middle-back of the Forum Pacis, was used to house the spoils of Vespasian’s triumph over the Jewish uprising. But in A.D. 191, The Forum Pacis burned down in a fire. However, the emperor Severus rebuilt the Forum Pacis after it burned down. Sadly, due to the fact that that happened around 1,800 - 1,900 years ago, little of the Forum Pacis still stands today.

The Temple of Venus and Roma was designed by the emperor Hadrian. The landmark was made for the goddess Venus and the goddess Roma. The structure had two main chambers in each of these there was one of the goddesses seated on a throne. The floors throughout the whole structure were marble. The building began its construction in 121 Ad and was completed in 141 Ad by Antonius Pius. There isn’t much of the building that is standing today, only small parts of the chambers and some of the pillars are standing. It is still a huge tourist attraction in Rome. The temple of Venus and Roma was the largest sacred building built by the Romans. The temple was also one of the biggest antiquities that was made in Roman times.

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In the 6th Century BC Tarquinius Priscus built the Circus Maximus. The Circus Maximus was a track for chariot racing. Part of the track is still standing however the stands were destroyed over time. The first excavations started in 1857. The Circus Maximus was a big feat at the time it was built. It was the first stadium and for a while it was the biggest stadium.

The Imperial Palace was originally built in around 800 BC by King Romulus. However, it was gradually added onto over time by various kings, consuls, and emperors until 476 AD. It was used as the house of the current rulers of Rome at the time (kings, emperors, etc.). Today, it is a popular tourist attraction. After the fall of Rome, the Palatine hill ( the hill the palace is on) slowly eroded over time, and the palace had to be dug up. Some of the paintings on the walls are still intact.

The Theater of Pompey was a landmark in Rome that was built in 55 BC and later renovated from 507-511 AD. Pompey the Great envisioned this grand building while Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus actually built it. This building was used for political meetings and religious meetings, art/collectible showings, or plays and shows. The arches of this landmark were made of stone and two huge gardens could be found in this building. This landmark did not fully survive intact to today, however, the foundation and some parts of the first floor are visible and put together. This building was actually Rome’s first permanent theater and the infamous location of Caesar’s assasination.

This building was built by the emperor Domitian. The Odeon of Domitian was mostly used like a theater by hosting music recitals. The Odeon of Domitian was built a bit after 80 AD and was restored by Apollodorus between 98-117 AD. The Odeon of Domitian is in ruins but still around, though it is not used in the modern day. One fact about the Odeon of Domitian is that it was built after a big fire that devastated the Campus Martius in 80 AD. This building was estimated to hold up to 7,000 people for a music recital.

The pantheon was a great architectural landmark in Rome created by Agrippa between 25 and 27 BC and it was rebuilt by Emperor Domitian who restored and rebuilt the Pantheon in 125 AD. The temple was dedicated to 12 gods and there is a large dome with a hole at the top so a beam of light would shine through. Today the pantheon still stands as a tourist attraction and is a Catholic Church to this day. Some fun facts are that Raphael’s tomb is on the back left-hand side of the structure. He’s buried next to his fiancée Maria Bibbiena, which was not by his design. Many believe the architect responsible is Apollodorus of Damascus but this is speculation. Finally, in A.D. 609, the Pantheon was converted into a church by Pope Boniface IV.

Gaius Octavius who was the heir to the great Julius Caesar. This was a statement piece of Augustus and his predecessors political goals for the public about their aspirations of permanent rule. He built an enormous fancy tomb on the Campus Martius which is also known as the ancient military training grounds in rome. This building was built in 28 BC. Only about 1 third is still left, you can only see the circular base. It was used as a fortress before it slowly got representation and restoration in the 20th century. Did you know that It was built on the Piazza Augusto Imperatore near via di ripetta running along the Tiber river. Also Inside the mausoleum were bronze plaques that were placed after augustus death that told the accomplishments and victories of emperor augustus.

The Aqua Claudia was built by the Emperor Caligula. This landmark was built because of Romes growing size and demand for water. It looks like a large, long wall. It was finished in 52 AD, and it’s partially destroyed. But, it’s impressive arches are still visible. It’s seen as a historic landmark today. It stretched 43 miles long with nine of the miles being arches. It was the eighth aqueduct to supply Rome.

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The baths of Caracalla were built by Marcus Aurelius Antonius, who was also known as Caracalla. He had it built between 212 and 216 C.E towards the end of his rule. It was used as a public bath house and it had its own aqueduct feeding it. There were often 6,000 to 8,000 bathers every day, and it was Rome’s second largest bath house. There were also three rooms - the hot room (caldarium), the cold room (frigidarium), and the lukewarm room (tepidarium). After it became dysfunctional by around 530 C.E, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) protected it as a world heritage site. Now, it is still used as a stage for big ballets and operas.

The emperor Maximian built the Diocletian Baths, and dedicated them to his co-emperor Diocletian. The building was used primarily for public baths, but it also had libraries, public spaces, gardens, theaters, and gyms. The building was built sometime between 298 and 306 A.D. The building still stands, but it is now just a tourist attraction.